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Ancient Oceans

4.5 billion years of Earth’s ocean history
Authors

Lewis A. Jones

Stephen Pates

A journey through deep time

Ancient Oceans

4.5 billion years of Earth's ocean history — from the first seas of a molten world to the reefs that face an uncertain future.

By Lewis A. Jones

With contributions from Stephen Pates

Scroll to begin
Timescale
4500 Ma ago
1/—
4,500 Ma ago
Hadean

© 2026 Lewis A. Jones — Ancient Oceans. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Funded by NERC · Grant No. UKRI185

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